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THE COMPANY RULE (1773 to 1858)
The Company Rule (1773 to 1858) :
↳ The British came to India in 1600 as traders.
↳ Queen Elizabeth I granted the exclusive right to trade in India.
↳ The British Government appointed the General Burghic Committee to expose the corruption of the East India Company.
Regulating Act of 1773 :
↳ The Act was framed on the recommendation of the General Burghic Committee.
↳ The Act was introduced by Lord North (PM of Great Britain).
↳ The British Government took the first step to regulate the affairs of the East India Company (EIC) in India.
↳ It identifies the political and administrative functions of the company.
↳ It laid the foundations of central administration in India.
↳ It designated the Governor of Bengal as the "Governor-General of Bengal".
• He is assisted by four members of the Executive Council.
• The Governors of Bombay and Madras Presidencies were subordinate to him.
• The first such Governor-General was Lord Warren Hastings.
↳ It established the Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774.
↳ It prohibits private trade and accepting bribes.
Regulating Act of 1781 :
↳ It is known as the Act of Settlement.
↳ For the first time, the concept of "British Territories - British Dominion" was introduced.
Pitt's India Act of 1784 :
↳ It was introduced by William Pitt (Great Britain PM).
↳ It Established a double government.
↳ It separated the commercial and political functions of the company.
• Court of Directors - Manages commercial affairs.
• Board of Control - Manages political affairs - supervises civil and military operations & Revenues of British possessions.
↳ The Company's territories were known as "British Possessions in India".
↳ The British Government was given supreme control over the Company's affairs in India.
↳ First step towards non-parliamentary control.
Charter Act of 1833 :
↳ Steps towards centralization in British India.
↳ It designates the Governor General of Bengal as the "Governor General of India".
• Lord William Bentick was the first Governor General of India.
↳ With this Act, the Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers.
↳ The Act ended the activities of the EIC as a commercial body and converted it into a purely administrative body.
↳ It tried to introduce a system of open competition for the selection of civil servants.
↳ For the first time a Law Commission was appointed and the head of the Commission was "Lord Macaulay".
Charter Act of 1853 :
↳ The legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General's Council have been fractionated by this Act.
• It Provided 6 legislative councilors to the council.
• Local representation was introduced for the first time in the Indian (Central) Legislative Council.
• For the first time, four members were appointed from the local (provincial) governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Agra.
↳ An Indian (Central) Legislative Council called Mini-Parliament was established.
↳ It Introduced an open competition for the selection and recruitment of civil servants.
• The Macaulay Committee (1854) was appointed with regard to the Indian Civil Service.
↳ The British came to India in 1600 as traders.
↳ Queen Elizabeth I granted the exclusive right to trade in India.
↳ The British Government appointed the General Burghic Committee to expose the corruption of the East India Company.
Regulating Act of 1773 :
↳ The Act was framed on the recommendation of the General Burghic Committee.
↳ The Act was introduced by Lord North (PM of Great Britain).
↳ The British Government took the first step to regulate the affairs of the East India Company (EIC) in India.
↳ It identifies the political and administrative functions of the company.
↳ It laid the foundations of central administration in India.
↳ It designated the Governor of Bengal as the "Governor-General of Bengal".
• He is assisted by four members of the Executive Council.
• The Governors of Bombay and Madras Presidencies were subordinate to him.
• The first such Governor-General was Lord Warren Hastings.
↳ It established the Supreme Court in Calcutta in 1774.
↳ It prohibits private trade and accepting bribes.
Regulating Act of 1781 :
↳ It is known as the Act of Settlement.
↳ For the first time, the concept of "British Territories - British Dominion" was introduced.
Pitt's India Act of 1784 :
↳ It was introduced by William Pitt (Great Britain PM).
↳ It Established a double government.
↳ It separated the commercial and political functions of the company.
• Court of Directors - Manages commercial affairs.
• Board of Control - Manages political affairs - supervises civil and military operations & Revenues of British possessions.
↳ The Company's territories were known as "British Possessions in India".
↳ The British Government was given supreme control over the Company's affairs in India.
↳ First step towards non-parliamentary control.
Charter Act of 1833 :
↳ Steps towards centralization in British India.
↳ It designates the Governor General of Bengal as the "Governor General of India".
• Lord William Bentick was the first Governor General of India.
↳ With this Act, the Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers.
↳ The Act ended the activities of the EIC as a commercial body and converted it into a purely administrative body.
↳ It tried to introduce a system of open competition for the selection of civil servants.
↳ For the first time a Law Commission was appointed and the head of the Commission was "Lord Macaulay".
Charter Act of 1853 :
↳ The legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General's Council have been fractionated by this Act.
• It Provided 6 legislative councilors to the council.
• Local representation was introduced for the first time in the Indian (Central) Legislative Council.
• For the first time, four members were appointed from the local (provincial) governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Agra.
↳ An Indian (Central) Legislative Council called Mini-Parliament was established.
↳ It Introduced an open competition for the selection and recruitment of civil servants.
• The Macaulay Committee (1854) was appointed with regard to the Indian Civil Service.
